Gogun Gugok is a valley of the Jurassic porphyritic granite (280-144 million years ago) which intruded the Precambrian metamorphic rocks (2.5 billion-570 million years ago). (Magma intrusion occurs when magma seeps into the cracks in rocks and solidifies) Porphyritic texture refers to a formation that a large crystal called a phenocryst gets surrounded by fine minerals. The Gogun Gugok was named after the pen name 'Gogun' of Kim Su-Jung (A.D. 1624-1701), a Neo-Confucian scholar in the Joseon Period; the Gogun also indicates 5 km section of incised meander of Jichoncheon (stream) Uplift or downlift of a base level creates steep slopes in highlands and rivers flowing over them erode the sides of their channels to form an incised meander. The incised meander refers to a curved channel of stream entrenched by downward erosion on the inner walls. It resembles a sidewinding snake. The valley has various landscapes e.g., potholes, small-sized falls and plunge pools ·all of these comprise nine landscapes. (‘gu’ means nine in Korean) Chu-tzu, the leading figure of Neo-Confucianism in China, built Mui Jeongsa in Mt. Mui (pronounced Mt. Wuyi in Chinese) and wrote poetry, Mui Gugok, as a tribute to nine scenic valleys of the mountain. During the Joseon Period, after the distinguished Neo-Confucian leaders like Toegye Yi Hwang and Yi Yulgok were gone, Mui Gugok was regarded as a utopia and Gugok Wonrim -meaning a garden of nine valleys- was longed for by many scholars. It is said that there were nearly 140 Gugok Wonrim gardens of the Joseon Period; so far 90 or so have been identified and only two sites -Hwayang Gugok in Goesan and Gogun Gugok in Hwacheon- have remained in realview landscape paintings. Gogun Gugokdo is a realview landscape painting drawn by a renowned artist, Cho Segeol when Kim Su-Jung was 59 years old; it captured nine scenes of Gogun Gugok including Nongsujeong on a square foot silk by thin coloring. When Kim was at age 69, he had his sons and nephews write poetry, Gogun Gugokga, in response to the Chu-tzu’s Mui Gugokga and produced an illustrated poem book afterwards.